主谓一致

p81

人称与数的一致原则

1. 第三人称单数主语 + 单数谓语

   • He loves reading.
   • She writes novels.

2. 复数主语 + 复数谓语

   • They love classical music.
   • We study together.

特殊计量单位

表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词，整体视为单数：

1. 金钱类

   • Two million dollars is big money.
   • Fifty yuan is enough for lunch.

2. 时间类

   • Two days is not a long time to wait.
   • Ten years has passed quickly.

3. 距离与重量类

   • Fifty kilometers is his daily cycling distance.
   • Three kilograms is the weight limit.

易错辨析

当具体指代多个独立单位时，谓语用复数：

• These two days have been exhausting.
• The dollars were scattered on the table.
• The kilometers they ran were recorded separately.

谓语用单数

• 复合不定代词作主语

  • Nothing is impossible.

• 不定式、动名词作主语

  • To read is to learn.
  • Reading is fun.

• many a/the whole/each/every/either/neither+名词

  • Many a student has read the book.
  • The whole story is interesting.
  • Each book is useful.
  • Every student is diligent.
  • Either answer is correct.
  • Neither suggestion is perfect.

The + 形容词/分词

• 表示一类人或一类物

  • 谓语动词常用复数。
  • 例如：The wounded are my friends.

• 表示个人或某类事物

  • 谓语用单数。
  • 例如：The wounded is my friend.

the/a number of 对比

• the number of + 复数名词（表示数量）→ 单数谓语

  • The number of students is 50.

• a number of + 复数名词（表示许多）→ 复数谓语

• A number of books are missing from the shelf.

就远原则

• 谓语与主要主语保持一致

  • Yanzu, together with Jacky, goes to school.
  • The manager, along with his team, is attending the meeting.

• 连接词列表
  with, together with, along with, as well as

就近原则

谓语与最靠近它的主语保持主谓一致

• Either...or...（两者中的任何一个）

  • Either Tom or his brothers are responsible.
  • Either the cake or the cookies need refrigeration.

• Neither...nor...（两者都不）

  • Neither John nor his friends know the answer.
  • Neither the teacher nor the student has arrived.

• Not only...but also...（不仅...而且...）

  • Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys the film.
  • Not only the book but also the pens are on the desk.

• There be 结构

  • There is a book and two pens on the table.
  • There are two pens and a book on the table.

注意事项解析

• 结构对比

  • The poet and the writer（重复冠词）→ 指代两个不同个体

    • 中文意义：诗人和作家（2人）
    • 例句：The poet and the writer support the proposal.

  • The poet and writer（单冠词）→ 指代同一人兼具双重身份

    • 中文意义：诗人兼作家（1人）
    • 例句：The poet and writer is attending the conference.

解题思路

1. 观察冠词重复性 → 判断指代人数
2. 根据人数 → 确定谓语单复数

集体名词用法

• 核心规则

  • 表整体（单数谓语）
    • My family is very supportive. （家庭作为整体）
  • 表个体成员（复数谓语）
    • The police are searching for the suspect. （警察作为个体）

• 常见集体名词列表

  • family, class, team, audience, government

解题思路

1. 判断句子强调重点 → 整体单位 / 个体成员
2. 选择对应谓语形式

随堂练习 ✅2 ❌3 🟨1

Mr. Johnson, together with his wife and two daughters, ____ (be) to arrive this evening. ✅

answer

is

Today, the football team _____ made up of 22 players and the team _____ very young. ❌

answer 🤖

was ❌; are ✅
is ✅

"is made up of" 表示现在存在的组成（符合句首的 Today）

Today, the number of children who have lost parents due to AIDS ____ (be) 26 million. ✅

answer

is

Knives would remind people of killings and _____ (be) too violent. ❌

answer

❌
were ✅ would是过去式, knives是复数

The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ______ (be) previously unprotected. ❌

answer

are ❌
were ✅ previously: 先前地, 所以过去式

Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _____ (be) often acceptable now. 🟨

answer

is
现在通常可以接受把不太重要的事情留到明天去做。