专题练习

Passage 6 ❌2 8m 43s

Cancer researchers urged people on Wednesday to take more vitamin D to lower risk of cancer, saying studies showed a clear link. “Our suggestion is for people to increase their intake, through diet or a vitamin supplement,” Dr. Cedric Garland said in a telephone interview.

Garland’s research team reviewed 63 studies, including several large long-term ones, on the relationship between vitamin D and certain types of cancer worldwide between 1966 and 2004. “There’s nothing that has this ability to prevent cancer,” he said, urging governments and public health officials to do more to fortify foods with vitamin D. Garland is part of a University of California at San Diego Moores Cancer Center team that published its findings this week online in the American Journal of Public Health. Vitamin D is found in milk, as well as in some fortified orange juice, yogurt and cheeses, usually at around 100 international units (IU) a serving. People might want to consider a vitamin supplement to raise their intake to 1000 IU per day, Garland said, adding that it was well within the safety guidelines established by the National Academy of Sciences.

The authors said that taking more vitamin D could be especially important for people living in northern areas, which receive less vitamin D from sunshine.

African Americans, who don’t produce as much of the vitamin because of their skin colour, could also benefit significantly from a higher intake, the authors said.

1. According to the passage, people are advised to take more Vitamin D because _______.
   A. it is nutritious
   B. it can’t harm people’s health
   C. it can lower cancer risk
   D. it is not taken enough every day

   1 ✅

   C

2. Which of the following cannot help people get more Vitamin D?
   A. Have some sunshine ✅
   B. Have more meat
   C. Have more fortified cheese
   D. Have a vitamin supplement ✅

   2 ✅

   B (全文没提到meat)

3. Who can Garland probably be?
   A. A health researcher
   B. A doctor
   C. A scientist
   D. A public health official

   3 ❌

   C (这个题我没什么头绪) ❌
   A ✅ (我就想问凭什么不能是科学家???为什么??? 我觉得我的答案也可以啊!)

   找称谓​（Dr./Prof.） → ​Dr.​指向医学领域
   看单位​（Hospital/Cancer ​Center） → 应用型研究
   辨行为​（临床建议/公共卫生倡导） → 非纯基础科研

4. Which of the following food can lower people’s chance of getting cancer?
   A. Milk
   B. Fortified orange juice
   C. Fortified yogurt
   D. All of the above

   4 ✅

   D

5. People from which area should take more Vitamin D according to the passage?
   A. Asian people
   B. African people ❌
   C. American people
   D. European people

   5 ❌

   (我知道是要填北方人, 可是我怎么知道哪里是的北方??? 遂乱填) D ❌
   B ✅

精析 P399

Passage 7 ✅ 6m 24s

Learning about the environment is very important. There are many good books that will help you learn. To get started, ask your teacher or a librarian for some suggestions. You can also look at some good websites with information about the environment and climate change. Climate change may be a big problem, but there are many little things we can do to make a difference.

Driving a car or using electricity is not wrong. We just have to be smart about it. Some people use less energy by carpooling. For example, four people can ride together in one car instead of driving four cars to work. Whenever we use electricity, we put greenhouse gases into the air. By turning off lights, the television and the computer when they aren’t needed, you can help a lot.

Don’t buy products that use too much energy. Some products, like certain cars, are made specially to save energy. These don’t pollute as much either. Products like computers, TVs, and VCRs with the ENERGY STAR label R are made- to save energy. Buying products with these labels will help protect the environment.

Buy recyclable products instead of non-recyclable ones. Recyclable products are usually made out of things that have already been used. It usually takes less energy to make recyclable products than to make new ones. So when you go shopping, look for the recycle mark on the package — three arrows that make a circle. The less energy we use, the better.

1. The passage is mainly written for _______.
   A. car producers
   B. school students
   C. parents
   D. housewives

   1 ✅

   B

2. The underlined word “carpooling” in paragraph 2 most probably means _______.
   A. sharing a car
   B. pulling a car
   C. selling a car
   D. improving a car

   2 ✅

   A

3. From the passage, we can learn that _______.
   A. turning off the electricity when it isn’t needed can save a lot of energy
   B. electricity will cause great trouble to our environment
   C. cars using less energy will not put greenhouse gases into the air
   D. recyclable products are marked with the ENERGY STAR label R

   3 ✅

   A

4. Which of the following can be the writer’s opinion?
   A. No pains, no gains.
   B. Rome was not built in one day.
   C. Little things can make a big difference.
   D. Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.

   4 ✅

   C

5. Which one is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
   A. Driving a car is not wrong. ✅
   B. Don’t buy products that use too much energy.
   C. We should buy non-recyclable products.
   D. The less energy we use, the better.

   5 ✅

   C

精析 P399

Passage 8 ❌1 9m 26s

Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be game of some kind, football, hockey, golf, or tennis. It may be mountaineering.

Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.

Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there’re for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods. If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think, that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no ‘matches’ between ‘teams’ of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.

The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.

A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is no unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.

1. Mountaineering is a sport which involves _______.
   A. hardship
   B. cold
   C. physical risk
   D. all of the above

   1 ✅

   D

2. The main difference between a sport and a game lies in _______.
   A. uniform
   B. activity
   C. rules
   D. skills

   2 ✅

   C

3. Mountaineering is also a team sport because _______.
   A. it involves rules
   B. it involves matches between teams
   C. it requires mental and physical qualities
   D. mountaineers depend on each other while climbing

   3 ✅

   D

4. Which of the following is true?
   A. Mountaineers compete against each other.
   B. Mountaineers compete against other teams.
   C. Mountaineers compete against nature.
   D. Mountaineers compete against international standard.

   4 ✅

   C

5. What is the best title for the passage?
   A. Mountaineering.
   B. Mountain Climbers.
   C. Mountaineering Is Different from Golf and Football.
   D. Mountaineering Is More Dangerous Than Other Sports.

   5 ❌ 🤖

   B ❌
   A ✅
   标题必须像伞一样覆盖全文，而非只遮住最显眼的部分！ 🌟

精析 P400

Passage 9 ❌1 9m 32s

If I had the ability to change one thing about American society, my decision would not be a difficult one. I would ban television.

I grew up a couch potato. Looking back, it seems I hardly read anything else at all — I watched TV almost seven hours a day.

There are so many good reasons for you to be a couch potato. Television is good before-breakfast entertainment. Television is good after-school entertainment. Television is good before-bed entertainment. Everybody watches it, so you have to watch it too in order to talk about it with friends. Otherwise you cannot say a word, which makes you look like an idiot.

But when I stopped watching television completely several months ago, I found that I had become a more reflective person, simply because I had more time to think. Television had stopped stuffing its ideas into my head. I was thinking of my childhood, and to my disappointment, I found that it could be summed up adequately in one sentence: “I watched a lot of TV.” And I wasted too much of my youth that I cannot have back. I will never be more imaginative than I was in my childhood.

Now I can totally resist the temptation of TV no matter how marvelous the programs are, and I’m entering into a new stage of life. In the meantime, I’d hope that all couch potatoes would turn off their TV. But I am afraid that with more and more attractive TV programs, I’m not going to be the last person in this country to idle away the best years of life sitting passively in front of a television.

1. A couch potato is someone who _______.
   A. spends much time sitting and watching TV
   B. plants potato
   C. plants potato in the couch
   D. sits in a couch eating potato

   1 ✅

   A

2. People watch TV so much because _______.
   A. television is good before breakfast entertainment
   B. television is good after-school entertainment
   C. television is good before-bed entertainment
   D. All of the above

   2 ✅

   D

3. According to the passage, people will _______ if they stop watching TV.
   A. fill themselves with idea on TV
   B. be more lazy and relaxed
   C. have more time to think
   D. not look back at their childhood

   3 ✅

   C

4. Which of the following is NOT true of the author?
   A. The author had watched television a lot.
   B. The author had wasted too much of his youth.
   C. The author will never be more imaginative than he was in his childhood.
   D. The phrase is determined to go on watching television.

   4 ✅

   D(这句话是什么意思? 我没看懂)

5. The phrase “idle away” (Para. 5) probably means “_______”.
   A. spend time in a different way
   B. spend time in a relaxed way
   C. enter a new stage
   D. watch television

   5 ❌

   D ❌
   B ✅

精析 P400

Passage 10 ✅ 11m 12s

NOT all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive experiences in nightmares.

Now American researchers are developing a pill which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase the effect of painful memories.

In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.

The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it. Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers’ troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.

“Some memories can ruin people’s lives. They come back to you when you don’t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions,” said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. “This could relieve a lot of that suffering.”

But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity. They also help us avoid the mistakes of the past.

“All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but they can make us who we are. I’m not sure we want to wipe those memories out,” said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist.

1. The drug tested on people can _______.
   A. help cure brain damage
   B. stop people remembering bad experiences
   C. stop the body producing certain chemicals
   D. wipe out the emotional effects of memories

   1 ✅

   C (不太确定)

2. According to the supporters of the pills, _______.
   A. the pills might relieve people of troubling memories
   B. the pills could help people avoid mistakes
   C. taking the pill will do harm to people’s health
   D. the pills should be produced in America soon

   2 ✅

   A

3. The word “they” (Para. 6) refers to _______.
   A. the researchers
   B. the people on test
   C. memories
   D. mistakes

   3 ✅

   C

4. Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser agree with?
   A. Some memories can ruin people’s lives. ❌
   B. People want to get rid of bad memories. ❌
   C. Experiencing bad events makes us different from others.
   D. The pill will reduce people’s sufferings from bad memories.

   4 ✅

   C (其实这句话我看不太懂, 只是D更不太可能)(原来是kimi文字识别错了)

5. The passage is mainly about _______.
   A. an argument about the research on the pill
   B. a new research on the pill
   C. a way of deleting painful memories
   D. a new medical invention

   5 ✅

   A

精析 P401