完成时态
p110
现在完成时
have/has done-“已经”
-完成的动作
-动作发生在过去，持续到现在，并且还可能继续下去
I have been here for 10 years.
我在这已经10年了。
By now I have finished the book
此刻我已经读完这本书了。
⭐ By now=so far: 到目前，此刻已经
标志1
by+现在的时间/动作=用现在完成时
标志2
since+时间，for+时间段
标志3
over the past/last+时间段
in the past/last+时间段
注意-认识单词decade“十年”
标志4
在句型 It is the first/second time that..，从句用现在完成时。
标志5
看到 already, yet, ever, just, so far, recently, up to now 可优先考虑现在完成时。
过去完成时
had done: 已经
"过去的过去"
Before yesterday
By the time we arrived at the airport the plane had taken off.
我们抵达机场时飞机已经起飞了。
标志1
by+过去的时间/动作=用过去完成时
标志2
在句型 hardly/scarcely..when, no sooner..than，主句用过去完成时，从句用过去时； “一..就；刚.….就"。
将来完成时
will have done-“已经”
将来完成的动作
标志
by+将来的时间/动作=用将来完成时
注意
在句型by the time you come back，后面用将来完成时。
随堂练习
In the last few years, China ____ (make) great achievements in environment protection. ❌
answer
had made ❌
has made ✅
因为这句话是在现在说的, 不是在过去说的
I (hear) nothing from him up to now. ✅
answer
have heard
We ____ (have) three major snowstorms so far this winter. ❌
answer
have ❌
have had ✅
had是"有"的意思, 前边儿的have是"已经"
Yanzu ____ (live) here since 2013. ✅
answer
has lived
By the time class was over, the rain ____ (stop). ✅
answer
had stopped
He told me that he ____ (be) here for ten minutes. ❌ 过去分词不熟
answer
had be ❌
had been ✅
The play ____ (be) on for five minutes, and you are a little late. ❌
You ____ (reach) Guangzhou by this time tomorrow. ✅
answer
will have reached
By the time you get home, I ____ (clean) the house from top to bottom. ✅
answer
will have cleaned
现在完成进行时
have been doing
一直
He ____ (work) on his term paper the whole morning but he hasn't written a word. ✅
answer
has been working