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名词复数

p40

可数名词

  • 定义:可数名词是可以用数目计数,能被基数词(如one,more than one等)或其相当的词(如many/few/a few等)修饰的名词。
  • 用法
    • 可以有复数形式;
    • 可直接在其前使用不定冠词或数词;
    • 可受these,those,few,a few,many,a good/great many,a great/good number of等修饰。例如:
      • There are many things to be done.
      • A large number of students are girls.

不可数名词

  • 定义:不可数名词是不可用数目计数的名词,不能被基数词(如one,more than one等)或其相当的词修饰。
  • 用法
    • 通常没有复数形式;
    • 其前不可直接用不定冠词或数词;
    • 可用(a)little,much,a great deal of,a lot of,plenty of,a large amount of,a large quantity of,some,any等修饰;
    • 要表示数量时,不可在前面直接加数词,而要用a piece of之类的结构。

名词复数规则变化

  • 元音字母:A、E、I、O、U
  • 规则
    1. 以字母s,sh,ch,x结尾和以辅音字母+o结尾的名词变复数时加-es,如:buses,foxes,potatoes;
    2. 元音字母加-o的名词直接加-s,如:radios,zoos;
    3. 大部分以字母f或fe结尾的名词变复数形式,要把f或fe改为v再加-es,如:leaf-leaves,knife-knives;
    4. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词变复数形式时,要把y变为i,再加-es,如:baby-babies,country-countries。

名词复数不规则变化

  1. 改变单数名词中的元音字母,如:man-men,woman-women;
  2. 单、复数相同,如:sheep,deer,means,works;
  3. 特殊形式,如:child-children,tox-oxen;
  4. 表示某国人的名词单复数形式因习惯而异:
    • 单复数形式相同,如:Chinese,Japanese;
    • 词尾加-s,如:two Russians,two Germans;
    • 变man为men,如:Englishmen,two Dutchmen。

名词复数特殊变化

  1. 两部分都变复数,如:lookers-on,betweens;
  2. 主体后或整体后变复数,如:sports meeting(运动会);
  3. 表示不同类别,如:fruits(各种水果),teas(各种茶);
  4. 本来就自带“s”,如:maths(数学),physics(物理学),politics(政治)。

技巧

提示词若为名词,若不考词性变化,通常考复数。

随堂练习 ✅5 🟨1

I needed to get used to ____ (thing) gradually. 🟨

answer

things

Several ____ (student) are playing basketball on the playground. ✅

answer

students

There are four ____ (person), so we need four tickets. ✅

answer

persons

They protect us from being attacked and they are ____ (hero). ✅

answer

heroes

Recent ____ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks. ✅

answer ✨

studies
因为后面的show不是三单, 所以study用复数

Mothers are taking care of their ____ (child) who are playing games happily. ✅

answer

children

我只身前行 却仿佛带着一万雄兵