名词复数
p40
可数名词
- 定义:可数名词是可以用数目计数,能被基数词(如one,more than one等)或其相当的词(如many/few/a few等)修饰的名词。
- 用法:
- 可以有复数形式;
- 可直接在其前使用不定冠词或数词;
- 可受these,those,few,a few,many,a good/great many,a great/good number of等修饰。例如:
- There are many things to be done.
- A large number of students are girls.
不可数名词
- 定义:不可数名词是不可用数目计数的名词,不能被基数词(如one,more than one等)或其相当的词修饰。
- 用法:
- 通常没有复数形式;
- 其前不可直接用不定冠词或数词;
- 可用(a)little,much,a great deal of,a lot of,plenty of,a large amount of,a large quantity of,some,any等修饰;
- 要表示数量时,不可在前面直接加数词,而要用a piece of之类的结构。
名词复数规则变化
- 元音字母:A、E、I、O、U
- 规则:
- 以字母s,sh,ch,x结尾和以辅音字母+o结尾的名词变复数时加-es,如:buses,foxes,potatoes;
- 元音字母加-o的名词直接加-s,如:radios,zoos;
- 大部分以字母f或fe结尾的名词变复数形式,要把f或fe改为v再加-es,如:leaf-leaves,knife-knives;
- 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词变复数形式时,要把y变为i,再加-es,如:baby-babies,country-countries。
名词复数不规则变化
- 改变单数名词中的元音字母,如:man-men,woman-women;
- 单、复数相同,如:sheep,deer,means,works;
- 特殊形式,如:child-children,tox-oxen;
- 表示某国人的名词单复数形式因习惯而异:
- 单复数形式相同,如:Chinese,Japanese;
- 词尾加-s,如:two Russians,two Germans;
- 变man为men,如:Englishmen,two Dutchmen。
名词复数特殊变化
- 两部分都变复数,如:lookers-on,betweens;
- 主体后或整体后变复数,如:sports meeting(运动会);
- 表示不同类别,如:fruits(各种水果),teas(各种茶);
- 本来就自带“s”,如:maths(数学),physics(物理学),politics(政治)。
技巧
提示词若为名词,若不考词性变化,通常考复数。
随堂练习 ✅5 🟨1
I needed to get used to ____ (thing) gradually. 🟨
answer
things
Several ____ (student) are playing basketball on the playground. ✅
answer
students
There are four ____ (person), so we need four tickets. ✅
answer
persons
They protect us from being attacked and they are ____ (hero). ✅
answer
heroes
Recent ____ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks. ✅
answer ✨
studies
因为后面的show不是三单, 所以study用复数
Mothers are taking care of their ____ (child) who are playing games happily. ✅
answer
children
