定语从句
I have a dream that sounds interesting.
从句在整句话中充当定语就叫定语从句。
定语 - 常用形容词充当 - “xx 的”
先行词 - 被定语从句修饰的东西，常在空格前。
定语从句引导词技巧
- 先行词分类
- 引导词分类
先行词分 5 类
以下 5 个都有 that
- 人 - that, who, whom, whose
以下 4 个都有 which
- 物 - that, which, whose
- 时 - that, which, when
- 地 - that, which, where
- 因 - that, which, why
引导词分 3 类
- 代词（充当成分）
that, which, who, whom - 副词（不当成分）
when, where, why - 形容词（所属关系-"XX的"）
whose
注意事项
- 定语从句的 that 充当成分，名词性从句的 that 不当成分
- who 作主语，whom 作宾语
分辨名从与定从
- 空格前句子完整 ➜ 优先考虑 定语从句
- 空格前句子不完整 ➜ 优先考虑 名词性从句
随堂练习
The day after tomorrow I will go to the park ______ a flower show is being held.
answer
that? (我感觉不是, 因为它充当了成分)
应该是 where ✅ (太厉害了我)
I don't know the man ______ you are talking about. ❌
answer
what ❌ (我理解成 Man! What are you talking about 了)
及时改正: who ❌ (主语宾语没分清)
whom ✅
In the corner of the library, I found a book ______ cover was stained with ink. ❌
It is an online platform ______ people can buy and sell many kinds of things. ❌
answer
whose ❌
首先先行词是platform ✅, 所以有that, which, whose可以使用 ❌, 错了, platform是属于"地点"的, 所以有that, which, where 可以使用 其次空格前句子是完整的 ✅, 空格后句子也是完整的 ✅, 所以that不能用 ✅, which是在多个里面选一个 ✅, 那就只剩下whose了
where ✅
They worked in a company ________ made computers. ❌
answer
where ❌ (不充当成分, 空格后面的句子本来就不完整了)
that/which ✅ (充当成分)
限定 vs 非限定
限定
- 无逗号
- A Zhen loves A Qiang who is handsome.（限定）
非限定
- 有逗号
- A Zhen loves A Qiang, who is handsome.（非限定）
注意
非限定性定语从句，表物用 which 不用 that。
引导词的特殊用法
- 当引导词前有介词时，表物用 which，表人用 whom；
- 当先行词有人有物时，用 that；
- 当先行词被最高级或 the only 修饰，且先行词是代词时，用 that；
- 非限定性定语从句，表物用 which 不用 that。
随堂练习
The young man had decided to give up the chance of studying abroad, ______ surprised his parents a lot.
answer
which ✅
首先空格前句子完整, 空格后句子不完整, 感觉是定语从句
其次有逗号, 所以是非限制性定语从句, 然后空格前是物, 所以用which不用that
介词+关系代词
技巧
找到关系代词所代替的是什么即可。
随堂练习
Before leaving the village, he visited the old house ______ which he spent his childhood. ❌
answer
完全不会
in ✅
The tree, the branches ______ which are almost bare, is a very old one. ❌
answer
完全不会
of ✅